{
  "id": "37bba3f0-08f6-40b7-864c-0478e770a8dc",
  "title": "Cellular Respiration & Structure",
  "cards": [
    {
      "id": "card-1-e69b11",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the primary metabolic purpose of cellular respiration?",
      "back": "To generate ATP",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Respiration Purpose",
      "explanation": "Cellular respiration is defined as the metabolic process by which cells generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy currency.",
      "distractors": [
        "To synthesize DNA",
        "To break down proteins",
        "To produce lipids"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Cellular respiration primarily generates ATP for cellular energy needs.",
      "falseStatement": "Cellular respiration is primarily used for synthesizing structural proteins.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "To generate ATP",
        "To synthesize DNA",
        "To break down proteins",
        "To produce lipids"
      ],
      "statement": "Cellular respiration primarily generates ATP for cellular energy needs.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the primary metabolic purpose of cellular respiration?",
      "answer": "To generate ATP"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-2-731abb",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur?",
      "back": "The cytosol",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Location",
      "explanation": "Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol, whereas subsequent stages like the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur within the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.",
      "distractors": [
        "The mitochondrial matrix",
        "The inner mitochondrial membrane",
        "The nucleus"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.",
      "falseStatement": "Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "The cytosol",
        "The mitochondrial matrix",
        "The inner mitochondrial membrane",
        "The nucleus"
      ],
      "statement": "Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur?",
      "answer": "The cytosol"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-3-cf5267",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What are the net products of one glucose molecule during glycolysis?",
      "back": "Two pyruvate molecules, two ATP, and two NADH",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Products",
      "explanation": "Glycolysis converts one glucose into two pyruvate molecules, yielding a net gain of two ATP and two NADH per glucose molecule.",
      "distractors": [
        "Two lactate molecules and four ATP",
        "One acetyl-CoA and two FADH2",
        "Six CO2 and twelve NADH"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Glycolysis yields a net gain of two ATP and two NADH per glucose.",
      "falseStatement": "Glycolysis produces six CO2 molecules as a direct net yield.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Two pyruvate molecules, two ATP, and two NADH",
        "Two lactate molecules and four ATP",
        "One acetyl-CoA and two FADH2",
        "Six CO2 and twelve NADH"
      ],
      "statement": "Glycolysis yields a net gain of two ATP and two NADH per glucose.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What are the net products of one glucose molecule during glycolysis?",
      "answer": "Two pyruvate molecules, two ATP, and two NADH"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-4-ad4d1f",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Where does the citric acid cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?",
      "back": "The mitochondrial matrix",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Citric Acid Cycle Location",
      "explanation": "In eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, distinct from the cytosol where glycolysis happens.",
      "distractors": [
        "The cytosol",
        "The intermembrane space",
        "The plasma membrane"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "falseStatement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytosol.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "The mitochondrial matrix",
        "The cytosol",
        "The intermembrane space",
        "The plasma membrane"
      ],
      "statement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "Where does the citric acid cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?",
      "answer": "The mitochondrial matrix"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-5-92fd9c",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is produced per turn of the citric acid cycle driven by one acetyl-CoA?",
      "back": "Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP or ATP",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Citric Acid Cycle Yield",
      "explanation": "Each turn of the cycle processes one acetyl-CoA to produce three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP or ATP, along with carbon dioxide release (implied by cycle mechanics).",
      "distractors": [
        "Two NADH and two FADH2",
        "Four NADH and zero FADH2",
        "One NADH and three FADH2"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "One turn of the citric acid cycle yields three NADH and one FADH2.",
      "falseStatement": "One turn of the citric acid cycle yields only ATP without electron carriers.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP or ATP",
        "Two NADH and two FADH2",
        "Four NADH and zero FADH2",
        "One NADH and three FADH2"
      ],
      "statement": "One turn of the citric acid cycle yields three NADH and one FADH2.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is produced per turn of the citric acid cycle driven by one acetyl-CoA?",
      "answer": "Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP or ATP"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-6-cabb6b",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Which molecules donate electrons to the electron transport chain?",
      "back": "NADH and FADH2",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "ETC Electron Donors",
      "explanation": "The reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH2, produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, donate electrons to the protein complexes of the ETC.",
      "distractors": [
        "ATP and ADP",
        "Pyruvate and Acetyl-CoA",
        "Oxygen and Water"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain.",
      "falseStatement": "ATP and ADP donate electrons to the electron transport chain.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "NADH and FADH2",
        "ATP and ADP",
        "Pyruvate and Acetyl-CoA",
        "Oxygen and Water"
      ],
      "statement": "NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "Which molecules donate electrons to the electron transport chain?",
      "answer": "NADH and FADH2"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-7-ce1a47",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Where is the electron transport chain embedded?",
      "back": "The inner mitochondrial membrane",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "ETC Location",
      "explanation": "The ETC consists of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, allowing for the establishment of a proton gradient across this membrane.",
      "distractors": [
        "The outer mitochondrial membrane",
        "The mitochondrial matrix",
        "The cytosol"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The electron transport chain is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.",
      "falseStatement": "The electron transport chain is located in the cytosol.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "The inner mitochondrial membrane",
        "The outer mitochondrial membrane",
        "The mitochondrial matrix",
        "The cytosol"
      ],
      "statement": "The electron transport chain is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "Where is the electron transport chain embedded?",
      "answer": "The inner mitochondrial membrane"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-8-2cce89",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "How is the electrochemical proton gradient established during oxidative phosphorylation?",
      "back": "Protons are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Proton Gradient Formation",
      "explanation": "As electrons move through the ETC, energy is used to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a gradient of stored potential energy.",
      "distractors": [
        "Protons flow freely from the intermembrane space to the matrix",
        "Protons are pumped from the cytosol into the matrix",
        "Protons are generated inside the nucleus"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Protons are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space to create a gradient.",
      "falseStatement": "Protons flow passively from the intermembrane space into the matrix during pumping.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Protons are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space",
        "Protons flow freely from the intermembrane space to the matrix",
        "Protons are pumped from the cytosol into the matrix",
        "Protons are generated inside the nucleus"
      ],
      "statement": "Protons are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space to create a gradient.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "How is the electrochemical proton gradient established during oxidative phosphorylation?",
      "answer": "Protons are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-9-0b0cd2",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What role does oxygen play in aerobic respiration?",
      "back": "It serves as the final electron acceptor",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Role of Oxygen",
      "explanation": "Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain and combines with protons to form water, allowing the chain to continue functioning.",
      "distractors": [
        "It acts as the initial electron donor",
        "It inhibits ATP synthase activity",
        "It converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA directly"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.",
      "falseStatement": "Oxygen acts as the initial electron donor in the glycolysis pathway.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "It serves as the final electron acceptor",
        "It acts as the initial electron donor",
        "It inhibits ATP synthase activity",
        "It converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA directly"
      ],
      "statement": "Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What role does oxygen play in aerobic respiration?",
      "answer": "It serves as the final electron acceptor"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-10-de8d28",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is formed when oxygen accepts electrons and combines with protons?",
      "back": "Water",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Water Formation",
      "explanation": "At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen is reduced by accepting electrons and combining with protons to produce water as a byproduct.",
      "distractors": [
        "Carbon dioxide",
        "Glucose",
        "Hydrogen peroxide"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Oxygen combines with protons and electrons to form water.",
      "falseStatement": "Oxygen combines with glucose to form carbon dioxide directly.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Water",
        "Carbon dioxide",
        "Glucose",
        "Hydrogen peroxide"
      ],
      "statement": "Oxygen combines with protons and electrons to form water.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is formed when oxygen accepts electrons and combines with protons?",
      "answer": "Water"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-11-cde807",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What mechanism links electron transport to ATP production via ATP synthase?",
      "back": "Chemiosmosis",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Chemiosmosis",
      "explanation": "Chemiosmosis describes the process where the flow of protons back into the matrix through ATP synthase, driven by the proton-motive force, powers ATP synthesis.",
      "distractors": [
        "Active transport",
        "Facilitated diffusion",
        "Simple diffusion"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Chemiosmosis links electron transport to ATP production.",
      "falseStatement": "Photosynthesis links electron transport to ATP production in mitochondria.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Chemiosmosis",
        "Active transport",
        "Facilitated diffusion",
        "Simple diffusion"
      ],
      "statement": "Chemiosmosis links electron transport to ATP production.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What mechanism links electron transport to ATP production via ATP synthase?",
      "answer": "Chemiosmosis"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-12-151f51",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?",
      "back": "The proton-motive force",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "ATP Synthesis Driver",
      "explanation": "The energy stored in the electrochemical proton gradient, known as the proton-motive force, drives protons through ATP synthase to power ATP formation.",
      "distractors": [
        "Direct hydrolysis of glucose",
        "Electron donation from NADH",
        "Heat released from redox reactions"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The proton-motive force drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.",
      "falseStatement": "Direct heat release from redox reactions drives ATP synthesis.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "The proton-motive force",
        "Direct hydrolysis of glucose",
        "Electron donation from NADH",
        "Heat released from redox reactions"
      ],
      "statement": "The proton-motive force drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?",
      "answer": "The proton-motive force"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-13-a79275",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the function of the plasma membrane?",
      "back": "To act as a selectively permeable boundary regulating substance passage",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Plasma Membrane Function",
      "explanation": "The plasma membrane serves as a selective barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell, maintaining internal homeostasis.",
      "distractors": [
        "To house genetic DNA",
        "To synthesize proteins",
        "To generate ATP directly"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The plasma membrane regulates the passage of substances.",
      "falseStatement": "The plasma membrane houses the majority of the cell's DNA.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "To act as a selectively permeable boundary regulating substance passage",
        "To house genetic DNA",
        "To synthesize proteins",
        "To generate ATP directly"
      ],
      "statement": "The plasma membrane regulates the passage of substances.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the function of the plasma membrane?",
      "answer": "To act as a selectively permeable boundary regulating substance passage"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-14-25e7ea",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?",
      "back": "To house the majority of the cell’s DNA",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Nucleus Function",
      "explanation": "The nucleus contains the genetic instructions (DNA) necessary for cellular function and regulation.",
      "distractors": [
        "To synthesize ribosomes exclusively",
        "To perform glycolysis",
        "To store waste products"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The nucleus houses the majority of eukaryotic DNA.",
      "falseStatement": "The nucleus performs glycolysis to generate ATP.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "To house the majority of the cell’s DNA",
        "To synthesize ribosomes exclusively",
        "To perform glycolysis",
        "To store waste products"
      ],
      "statement": "The nucleus houses the majority of eukaryotic DNA.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?",
      "answer": "To house the majority of the cell’s DNA"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-15-f8fdb3",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?",
      "back": "Sites of protein synthesis translating mRNA into polypeptide chains",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Ribosome Function",
      "explanation": "Ribosomes read messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences and translate them into polypeptide chains, effectively building proteins.",
      "distractors": [
        "Sites of lipid synthesis",
        "Locations for DNA replication",
        "Barriers against viral entry"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptide chains.",
      "falseStatement": "Ribosomes replicate DNA during cell division.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Sites of protein synthesis translating mRNA into polypeptide chains",
        "Sites of lipid synthesis",
        "Locations for DNA replication",
        "Barriers against viral entry"
      ],
      "statement": "Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptide chains.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?",
      "answer": "Sites of protein synthesis translating mRNA into polypeptide chains"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-16-19178a",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Glycolysis converts one glucose molecule into molecules.",
      "back": "two pyruvate",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Output",
      "explanation": "The end product of glycolysis is two molecules of pyruvate per single glucose molecule processed.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "Glycolysis converts one glucose molecule into molecules.",
      "answer": "two pyruvate"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-17-ac1b99",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "The citric acid cycle takes place in the.",
      "back": "mitochondrial matrix",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Krebs Cycle Location",
      "explanation": "In eukaryotic cells, the enzymes for the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "The citric acid cycle takes place in the.",
      "answer": "mitochondrial matrix"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-18-4dac1d",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Oxygen serves as the final in aerobic respiration.",
      "back": "electron acceptor",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Oxygen Role",
      "explanation": "Oxygen accepts low-energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain, preventing backup and allowing respiration to continue.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "Oxygen serves as the final in aerobic respiration.",
      "answer": "electron acceptor"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-19-14dc8c",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.",
      "back": "Ribosomes",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Protein Synthesis Site",
      "explanation": "Ribosomes facilitate the translation of genetic information from mRNA into functional polypeptide chains.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.",
      "answer": "Ribosomes"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-20-2cb4b1",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "The net gain of ATP from glycolysis is ATP per glucose.",
      "back": "two",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Net ATP",
      "explanation": "While glycolysis produces four ATP, it consumes two, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "The net gain of ATP from glycolysis is ATP per glucose.",
      "answer": "two"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-21-2c2403",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Protons are pumped into the to create a gradient.",
      "back": "intermembrane space",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Proton Gradient Location",
      "explanation": "The electron transport chain pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, creating the potential energy source for ATP synthase.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "Protons are pumped into the to create a gradient.",
      "answer": "intermembrane space"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-22-bf5fad",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "is the mechanism linking electron transport to ATP production.",
      "back": "Chemiosmosis",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "ATP Production Mechanism",
      "explanation": "Chemiosmosis explains how the proton gradient drives ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "is the mechanism linking electron transport to ATP production.",
      "answer": "Chemiosmosis"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-23-465207",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "The plasma membrane acts as a boundary.",
      "back": "selectively permeable",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "Membrane Property",
      "explanation": "Selective permeability allows the plasma membrane to control which substances can enter or exit the cell.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "The plasma membrane acts as a boundary.",
      "answer": "selectively permeable"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-24-9f3bfa",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces NADH molecules.",
      "back": "three",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 1",
      "concept": "NADH Yield per Turn",
      "explanation": "Per acetyl-CoA entering the cycle, three NADH molecules are generated to carry electrons to the ETC.",
      "distractors": [],
      "trueStatement": "",
      "falseStatement": "",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [],
      "statement": "",
      "statementIsTrue": false,
      "prompt": "Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces NADH molecules.",
      "answer": "three"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-1-b7bf5f",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur?",
      "back": "Cytosol",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Location",
      "explanation": "Glycolysis is the initial stage of respiration and takes place in the cytosol, independent of mitochondria.",
      "distractors": [
        "Mitochondrial matrix",
        "Inner mitochondrial membrane",
        "Nucleus"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.",
      "falseStatement": "Glycolysis takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Cytosol",
        "Mitochondrial matrix",
        "Inner mitochondrial membrane",
        "Nucleus"
      ],
      "statement": "Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur?",
      "answer": "Cytosol"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-2-8a974e",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What are the net energy products of one glucose molecule during glycolysis?",
      "back": "Two ATP and two NADH",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Yield",
      "explanation": "The anaerobic breakdown of one glucose yields a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules.",
      "distractors": [
        "Four ATP and zero NADH",
        "Two ATP and four NADH",
        "Zero ATP and two FADH2"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Glycolysis produces a net gain of two ATP and two NADH.",
      "falseStatement": "Glycolysis results in a net loss of two ATP molecules.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Two ATP and two NADH",
        "Four ATP and zero NADH",
        "Two ATP and four NADH",
        "Zero ATP and two FADH2"
      ],
      "statement": "Glycolysis produces a net gain of two ATP and two NADH.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What are the net energy products of one glucose molecule during glycolysis?",
      "answer": "Two ATP and two NADH"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-3-7bcde4",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) take place in eukaryotic cells?",
      "back": "Mitochondrial matrix",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Citric Acid Cycle Location",
      "explanation": "The enzymes for the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "distractors": [
        "Cytosol",
        "Inner mitochondrial membrane",
        "Intermembrane space"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "falseStatement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytosol.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Mitochondrial matrix",
        "Cytosol",
        "Inner mitochondrial membrane",
        "Intermembrane space"
      ],
      "statement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) take place in eukaryotic cells?",
      "answer": "Mitochondrial matrix"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-4-eeccbd",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "How many turns of the citric acid cycle occur per original glucose molecule?",
      "back": "Twice",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Cycle Frequency",
      "explanation": "One glucose yields two pyruvates, which form two acetyl-CoA molecules; thus, the cycle turns twice per glucose.",
      "distractors": [
        "Once",
        "Four times",
        "Six times"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The citric acid cycle turns twice per glucose molecule.",
      "falseStatement": "The citric acid cycle turns once per glucose molecule.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Twice",
        "Once",
        "Four times",
        "Six times"
      ],
      "statement": "The citric acid cycle turns twice per glucose molecule.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "How many turns of the citric acid cycle occur per original glucose molecule?",
      "answer": "Twice"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-5-e5066a",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What are the direct products of one turn of the citric acid cycle driven by one acetyl-CoA?",
      "back": "Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP or ATP",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Citric Acid Cycle Products",
      "explanation": "Each turn processes one acetyl-CoA to generate high-energy electron carriers and one substrate-level phosphorylation product.",
      "distractors": [
        "Two NADH, two FADH2, and two ATP",
        "Four NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP",
        "Three NADH, two FADH2, and zero ATP"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "One turn produces three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP/ATP.",
      "falseStatement": "One turn produces only two NADH and no FADH2.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP or ATP",
        "Two NADH, two FADH2, and two ATP",
        "Four NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP",
        "Three NADH, two FADH2, and zero ATP"
      ],
      "statement": "One turn produces three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP/ATP.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What are the direct products of one turn of the citric acid cycle driven by one acetyl-CoA?",
      "answer": "Three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP or ATP"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-6-668299",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "In which membrane is the electron transport chain (ETC) embedded?",
      "back": "Inner mitochondrial membrane",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "ETC Location",
      "explanation": "The protein complexes of the ETC are embedded specifically in the inner mitochondrial membrane.",
      "distractors": [
        "Outer mitochondrial membrane",
        "Plasma membrane",
        "Nuclear envelope"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.",
      "falseStatement": "The ETC is embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Inner mitochondrial membrane",
        "Outer mitochondrial membrane",
        "Plasma membrane",
        "Nuclear envelope"
      ],
      "statement": "The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "In which membrane is the electron transport chain (ETC) embedded?",
      "answer": "Inner mitochondrial membrane"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-7-5945bb",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What role does oxygen play in aerobic respiration?",
      "back": "Final electron acceptor",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Oxygen Function",
      "explanation": "Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the ETC and combines with protons to form water.",
      "distractors": [
        "Initial electron donor",
        "Proton pump activator",
        "ATP synthase inhibitor"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor.",
      "falseStatement": "Oxygen acts as the initial electron donor.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Final electron acceptor",
        "Initial electron donor",
        "Proton pump activator",
        "ATP synthase inhibitor"
      ],
      "statement": "Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What role does oxygen play in aerobic respiration?",
      "answer": "Final electron acceptor"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-8-bad326",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the final product formed when oxygen accepts electrons and combines with protons?",
      "back": "Water",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Oxygen Reduction Product",
      "explanation": "The reduction of oxygen by electrons and protons results in the formation of water molecules.",
      "distractors": [
        "Carbon dioxide",
        "Glucose",
        "Pyruvate"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Oxygen is reduced to form water.",
      "falseStatement": "Oxygen is oxidized to form carbon dioxide.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Water",
        "Carbon dioxide",
        "Glucose",
        "Pyruvate"
      ],
      "statement": "Oxygen is reduced to form water.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the final product formed when oxygen accepts electrons and combines with protons?",
      "answer": "Water"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-9-53b4b7",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What mechanism drives ATP synthase to produce ATP?",
      "back": "Chemiosmosis",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "ATP Synthesis Mechanism",
      "explanation": "The potential energy stored in the electrochemical proton gradient drives ATP synthase via chemiosmosis.",
      "distractors": [
        "Direct phosphorylation",
        "Light absorption",
        "Fermentation"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "ATP synthase operates via chemiosmosis.",
      "falseStatement": "ATP synthase operates via direct photophosphorylation.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Chemiosmosis",
        "Direct phosphorylation",
        "Light absorption",
        "Fermentation"
      ],
      "statement": "ATP synthase operates via chemiosmosis.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What mechanism drives ATP synthase to produce ATP?",
      "answer": "Chemiosmosis"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-10-ec7a27",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What structure establishes the electrochemical proton gradient used for ATP synthesis?",
      "back": "Electron transport chain (ETC)",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Proton Gradient Source",
      "explanation": "As electrons pass through ETC complexes, protons are pumped across the inner membrane, creating the gradient.",
      "distractors": [
        "Glycolysis enzymes",
        "Citric acid cycle enzymes",
        "Ribosomes"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The ETC pumps protons to establish the gradient.",
      "falseStatement": "Glycolysis pumps protons to establish the gradient.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Electron transport chain (ETC)",
        "Glycolysis enzymes",
        "Citric acid cycle enzymes",
        "Ribosomes"
      ],
      "statement": "The ETC pumps protons to establish the gradient.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What structure establishes the electrochemical proton gradient used for ATP synthesis?",
      "answer": "Electron transport chain (ETC)"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-11-e2c843",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Which cellular structure houses most of the cell's DNA?",
      "back": "Nucleus",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "DNA Location",
      "explanation": "The nucleus is the organelle that contains the majority of the eukaryotic cell's genetic material.",
      "distractors": [
        "Mitochondria",
        "Ribosomes",
        "Cytosol"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The nucleus houses most of the cell's DNA.",
      "falseStatement": "The ribosomes house most of the cell's DNA.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Nucleus",
        "Mitochondria",
        "Ribosomes",
        "Cytosol"
      ],
      "statement": "The nucleus houses most of the cell's DNA.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "Which cellular structure houses most of the cell's DNA?",
      "answer": "Nucleus"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-12-55285a",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the primary function of ribosomes?",
      "back": "Protein synthesis",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Ribosome Function",
      "explanation": "Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).",
      "distractors": [
        "Lipid synthesis",
        "DNA replication",
        "Cellular respiration"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.",
      "falseStatement": "Ribosomes replicate DNA by transcribing mRNA.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Protein synthesis",
        "Lipid synthesis",
        "DNA replication",
        "Cellular respiration"
      ],
      "statement": "Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the primary function of ribosomes?",
      "answer": "Protein synthesis"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-13-20ebd8",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What characteristic describes the plasma membrane?",
      "back": "Selectively permeable boundary",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Plasma Membrane Property",
      "explanation": "The plasma membrane controls what enters and exits the cell, acting as a selectively permeable barrier.",
      "distractors": [
        "Impermeable wall",
        "Fully permeable sieve",
        "Rigid structural support"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable boundary.",
      "falseStatement": "The plasma membrane is an impermeable rigid wall.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Selectively permeable boundary",
        "Impermeable wall",
        "Fully permeable sieve",
        "Rigid structural support"
      ],
      "statement": "The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable boundary.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What characteristic describes the plasma membrane?",
      "answer": "Selectively permeable boundary"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-14-16daa7",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What molecule is converted into pyruvate during glycolysis?",
      "back": "Glucose",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Substrate",
      "explanation": "One molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate during this pathway.",
      "distractors": [
        "Acetyl-CoA",
        "Fatty acids",
        "Amino acids"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Glucose is converted into pyruvate during glycolysis.",
      "falseStatement": "Acetyl-CoA is converted into pyruvate during glycolysis.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Glucose",
        "Acetyl-CoA",
        "Fatty acids",
        "Amino acids"
      ],
      "statement": "Glucose is converted into pyruvate during glycolysis.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What molecule is converted into pyruvate during glycolysis?",
      "answer": "Glucose"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-15-e44ea2",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Which type of pathway is glycolysis classified as regarding oxygen requirement?",
      "back": "Anaerobic",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Classification",
      "explanation": "Glycolysis does not require oxygen to proceed, making it an anaerobic pathway.",
      "distractors": [
        "Aerobic",
        "Photosynthetic",
        "Chemosynthetic"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Glycolysis is an anaerobic pathway.",
      "falseStatement": "Glycolysis is an aerobic pathway.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Anaerobic",
        "Aerobic",
        "Photosynthetic",
        "Chemosynthetic"
      ],
      "statement": "Glycolysis is an anaerobic pathway.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "Which type of pathway is glycolysis classified as regarding oxygen requirement?",
      "answer": "Anaerobic"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-16-c86f36",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What enzyme phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP using the proton gradient?",
      "back": "ATP synthase",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "ATP Synthase Role",
      "explanation": "ATP synthase utilizes the energy from the proton gradient to add a phosphate group to ADP.",
      "distractors": [
        "Hexokinase",
        "Citrate synthase",
        "Dehydrogenase"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP.",
      "falseStatement": "Hexokinase phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "ATP synthase",
        "Hexokinase",
        "Citrate synthase",
        "Dehydrogenase"
      ],
      "statement": "ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What enzyme phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP using the proton gradient?",
      "answer": "ATP synthase"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-17-9ac7e3",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What happens to protons during electron transport through the ETC?",
      "back": "They are pumped across the inner membrane",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Proton Pumping",
      "explanation": "Energy released from electron transfer is used to pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space.",
      "distractors": [
        "They diffuse freely into the cytosol",
        "They combine with oxygen immediately",
        "They are consumed as fuel"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Protons are pumped across the inner membrane.",
      "falseStatement": "Protons diffuse freely out of the mitochondria.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "They are pumped across the inner membrane",
        "They diffuse freely into the cytosol",
        "They combine with oxygen immediately",
        "They are consumed as fuel"
      ],
      "statement": "Protons are pumped across the inner membrane.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What happens to protons during electron transport through the ETC?",
      "answer": "They are pumped across the inner membrane"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-18-13826d",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the source of electrons entering the electron transport chain?",
      "back": "NADH and FADH2",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "ETC Electron Sources",
      "explanation": "High-energy electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are donated to the protein complexes of the ETC.",
      "distractors": [
        "Glucose and Pyruvate",
        "ATP and ADP",
        "Water and Carbon Dioxide"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "NADH and FADH2 provide electrons to the ETC.",
      "falseStatement": "Glucose provides electrons directly to the ETC.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "NADH and FADH2",
        "Glucose and Pyruvate",
        "ATP and ADP",
        "Water and Carbon Dioxide"
      ],
      "statement": "NADH and FADH2 provide electrons to the ETC.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the source of electrons entering the electron transport chain?",
      "answer": "NADH and FADH2"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-19-d4da30",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "How many pyruvate molecules are produced from one glucose molecule in glycolysis?",
      "back": "Two",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Pyruvate Yield",
      "explanation": "The splitting of one six-carbon glucose molecule results in two three-carbon pyruvate molecules.",
      "distractors": [
        "One",
        "Three",
        "Four"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "One glucose yields two pyruvate molecules.",
      "falseStatement": "One glucose yields one pyruvate molecule.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Two",
        "One",
        "Three",
        "Four"
      ],
      "statement": "One glucose yields two pyruvate molecules.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "How many pyruvate molecules are produced from one glucose molecule in glycolysis?",
      "answer": "Two"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-20-fccea9",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What molecule is formed from pyruvate before entering the citric acid cycle?",
      "back": "Acetyl-CoA",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Pyruvate Conversion",
      "explanation": "Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle.",
      "distractors": [
        "Oxaloacetate",
        "Citrate",
        "NADPH"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Pyruvate forms acetyl-CoA before the cycle.",
      "falseStatement": "Pyruvate forms oxaloacetate before the cycle.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Acetyl-CoA",
        "Oxaloacetate",
        "Citrate",
        "NADPH"
      ],
      "statement": "Pyruvate forms acetyl-CoA before the cycle.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What molecule is formed from pyruvate before entering the citric acid cycle?",
      "answer": "Acetyl-CoA"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-21-b9217e",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What drives the flow of protons back through ATP synthase?",
      "back": "Electrochemical proton gradient",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Gradient Energy",
      "explanation": "The potential energy stored in the difference of proton concentration and charge across the membrane drives this flow.",
      "distractors": [
        "ATP hydrolysis",
        "Glucose oxidation",
        "Light energy"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The electrochemical proton gradient drives proton flow.",
      "falseStatement": "ATP hydrolysis drives proton flow through ATP synthase.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Electrochemical proton gradient",
        "ATP hydrolysis",
        "Glucose oxidation",
        "Light energy"
      ],
      "statement": "The electrochemical proton gradient drives proton flow.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What drives the flow of protons back through ATP synthase?",
      "answer": "Electrochemical proton gradient"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-22-d53c47",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "Which part of the mitochondrion contains the citric acid cycle enzymes?",
      "back": "Matrix",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Mitochondrial Structure",
      "explanation": "The fluid-filled interior space of the mitochondrion, known as the matrix, hosts the Krebs cycle.",
      "distractors": [
        "Cristae",
        "Intermembrane space",
        "Outer membrane"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "falseStatement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the cristae.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Matrix",
        "Cristae",
        "Intermembrane space",
        "Outer membrane"
      ],
      "statement": "The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "Which part of the mitochondrion contains the citric acid cycle enzymes?",
      "answer": "Matrix"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-23-626dc1",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the relationship between glucose consumption and citric acid cycle turns?",
      "back": "Two turns per glucose",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Stoichiometry",
      "explanation": "Since one glucose makes two acetyl-CoAs, the cycle must run twice to process both.",
      "distractors": [
        "One turn per glucose",
        "Four turns per glucose",
        "Eight turns per glucose"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "There are two turns of the cycle per glucose molecule.",
      "falseStatement": "There is one turn of the cycle per glucose molecule.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Two turns per glucose",
        "One turn per glucose",
        "Four turns per glucose",
        "Eight turns per glucose"
      ],
      "statement": "There are two turns of the cycle per glucose molecule.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the relationship between glucose consumption and citric acid cycle turns?",
      "answer": "Two turns per glucose"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-24-15815b",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the result of oxygen accepting electrons in the ETC?",
      "back": "Formation of water",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Redox Reaction",
      "explanation": "Oxygen is reduced by gaining electrons and combining with protons to create H2O.",
      "distractors": [
        "Production of CO2",
        "Release of heat only",
        "Generation of NAD+ only"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Oxygen acceptance results in water formation.",
      "falseStatement": "Oxygen acceptance results in carbon dioxide production.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Formation of water",
        "Production of CO2",
        "Release of heat only",
        "Generation of NAD+ only"
      ],
      "statement": "Oxygen acceptance results in water formation.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the result of oxygen accepting electrons in the ETC?",
      "answer": "Formation of water"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-25-6c00e5",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the role of the plasma membrane in cellular context?",
      "back": "Selective boundary",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11",
      "concept": "Membrane Function",
      "explanation": "It regulates transport and protects the cell, functioning as a selective barrier.",
      "distractors": [
        "Energy production site",
        "Genetic storage site",
        "Protein synthesis site"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The plasma membrane serves as a selectively permeable boundary.",
      "falseStatement": "The plasma membrane stores the cell's DNA.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Selective boundary",
        "Energy production site",
        "Genetic storage site",
        "Protein synthesis site"
      ],
      "statement": "The plasma membrane serves as a selectively permeable boundary.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the role of the plasma membrane in cellular context?",
      "answer": "Selective boundary"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-2-bfe914",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "How does oxygen function in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?",
      "back": "Final electron acceptor",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11 · part 1 → long-budget-check.pdf · page 20 · part 1",
      "concept": "Role of Oxygen in ETC",
      "explanation": "Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, combining with electrons and protons to form water, which allows the chain to continue functioning.",
      "distractors": [
        "Initial electron donor",
        "Proton pump inhibitor",
        "ATP synthase activator"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.",
      "falseStatement": "Oxygen donates electrons to the beginning of the electron transport chain.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Final electron acceptor",
        "Initial electron donor",
        "Proton pump inhibitor",
        "ATP synthase activator"
      ],
      "statement": "Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "How does oxygen function in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?",
      "answer": "Final electron acceptor"
    },
    {
      "id": "card-3-af813d",
      "type": "qa",
      "front": "What is the net energy yield of glycolysis per glucose molecule?",
      "back": "Two ATP and two NADH",
      "source": "long-budget-check.pdf · page 11 · part 1 → long-budget-check.pdf · page 20 · part 1",
      "concept": "Glycolysis Energy Yield",
      "explanation": "Glycolysis breaks down one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, resulting in a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules.",
      "distractors": [
        "Four ATP and two NADH",
        "Two ATP and four NADH",
        "Zero ATP and two NADH"
      ],
      "trueStatement": "The net yield of glycolysis includes two NADH molecules.",
      "falseStatement": "The net yield of glycolysis includes four NADH molecules.",
      "clozeSentence": "",
      "clozeAnswer": "",
      "choices": [
        "Two ATP and two NADH",
        "Four ATP and two NADH",
        "Two ATP and four NADH",
        "Zero ATP and two NADH"
      ],
      "statement": "The net yield of glycolysis includes two NADH molecules.",
      "statementIsTrue": true,
      "prompt": "What is the net energy yield of glycolysis per glucose molecule?",
      "answer": "Two ATP and two NADH"
    }
  ],
  "sourceName": "long-budget-check.pdf",
  "sourceMeta": "51 Study Cards · 1 source batches",
  "sourceBatches": [
    "long-budget-check.pdf"
  ],
  "createdAt": "2026-10-13T14:02:46.191Z",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-13T14:09:14.040Z"
}